Week 11HW — Bioproduction & Cloud Labs

‘week-11-hw-building-genomes


Documentation

Homework: Bioproduction & Cloud Labs

Part A: The 1,536 Pixel Artwork Canvas | Collective Artwork


  1. Contribute at least one pixel to this global artwork experiment before the editing ends on Sunday 4/19 at 11:59 PM EST.
  • A personalized URL was sent to the email address associated with your Discourse account, and you can discuss the artwork on the Discourse.
  • If you did not have a chance to contribute, it’s okay, just make sure you become a TA this fall! 😉
  1. Make a note on your HTGAA webpages including:
  • what you contributed to the community bioart project (e.g., “I made part of the DNA on the bottom right plate”)
  • what you liked about the project, and
  • what about this collaborative art experiment could be made better for next year.

https://rcdonovan.com/1536

Part A: Community Bioart Project

I liked that the project allowed many people to create one artwork together through small individual actions. Even though each contribution was simple, the final image became much richer through collaboration. It was a fun and interesting way to participate in a collective bioart experiment.

I also thought it was a beautiful form of collaboration that people discussed and worked together toward one shared image.
For next year, it might also be interesting to try a different format that is less about drawing a specific picture and more based on game-like rules.
For example, it could work like a territory game, where participants form teams by node or across nodes, and pixels expand or disappear according to certain rules.

Another possibility would be to limit how participants can edit the image. Instead of drawing freely, each person could only use fixed patterns, such as a three-pixel line, a cross shape, or diagonal marks. The final image might not become a beautiful picture in the usual sense, but the process itself could become more experimental and interesting.

このプロゞェクトでは、小さな個人の操䜜が集たっお、ひず぀の共同䜜品になるずころが面癜かった。
たた、参加者が話し合いながら䞀぀の圢を䜜っおいくこずも、玠晎らしい連携だず思った。

来幎もし行うなら、あえお具䜓的な絵を描くのではなく、ゲヌム的なルヌルを蚭けおも面癜いず思う。 たずえば陣取りゲヌムのように、ノヌドごず、あるいはノヌドを超えたチヌムごずに、ピクセルがルヌルに埓っお増殖・消滅する仕組みにする。 たた、参加者が自由に描くのではなく、「3ピクセル盎線」「十字」「斜めだけ」など、決められたパタヌンでしか線集できないようにしおも面癜いかもしれない。
完成する絵は通垞の意味では矎しくないかもしれないが、プロセス自䜓はより実隓的になるず思う。

I contributed to the global community bioart project and made 109 contributions, ranking 19th overall.

私は global community bioart project に参加し、109回貢献しお党䜓で19䜍だった。


Part B: Cell-Free Protein Synthesis | Cell-Free Reagents  

無现胞タンパク質合成


  1. Referencing the cell-free protein synthesis reaction composition (the middle box outlined in yellow on the image above, also listed below), provide a 1-2 sentence description of what each component’s role is in the cell-free reaction.

䞊の画像の 䞭倮の黄色い枠で囲たれた cell-free protein synthesis reaction composition を参照し、それぞれの成分が cell-free reaction の䞭でどのような圹割を持぀のかを、1〜2文で説明しおください。


E. coli Lysate 倧腞菌ラむセヌト

  • BL21 (DE3) Star Lysate (includes T7 RNA Polymerase)

The E. coli lysate provides the cellular machinery needed for transcription and translation, including ribosomes, tRNAs, enzymes, and other factors. Because this lysate includes T7 RNA polymerase, it can transcribe DNA templates controlled by a T7 promoter.

E. coli lysate は、転写ず翻蚳に必芁な现胞内の仕組みを提䟛する。これには ribosome、tRNA、酵玠、その他の因子が含たれる。この lysate には T7 RNA polymerase が含たれおいるため、T7 promoter によっお制埡された DNA template を転写するこずができる。

Salts/Buffer

  • Potassium Glutamate

    Potassium glutamate helps maintain ionic strength and provides potassium ions, which are important for translation and enzyme activity. It also helps mimic the intracellular environment of E. coli.

    Potassium glutamate は、反応の ionic strength を維持し、translation や酵玠掻性に重芁な potassium ions を䟛絊する。たた、E. coli の现胞内環境を暡倣するのにも圹立぀。

  • HEPES-KOH pH 7.5

    HEPES-KOH acts as a buffer to keep the reaction at a stable pH. Maintaining pH around 7.5 is important because transcription and translation enzymes are sensitive to pH changes.

    HEPES-KOH は buffer ずしお働き、反応の pH を安定に保぀。転写や翻蚳に関わる酵玠は pH の倉化に敏感なため、pH 7.5 付近を維持するこずが重芁である。

  • Magnesium Glutamate

    Magnesium ions are essential cofactors for many reactions in cell-free protein synthesis. They are especially important for ribosome function, nucleotide reactions, and RNA polymerase activity.

    Magnesium ions は、cell-free protein synthesis における倚くの反応に必芁な cofactor である。特に、ribosome の機胜、nucleotide reaction、RNA polymerase activity に重芁である。

  • Potassium phosphate monobasic

    Potassium phosphate monobasic contributes phosphate and potassium ions to the reaction. It also helps support buffering and energy-related phosphate chemistry.

    Potassium phosphate monobasic は、反応に phosphate ず potassium ions を䟛絊する。たた、buffering や energy-related phosphate chemistry を支える圹割もある。

  • Potassium phosphate dibasic

    Potassium phosphate dibasic works together with monobasic phosphate to help maintain phosphate balance and pH buffering. The ratio of monobasic and dibasic phosphate helps set the chemical environment of the reaction.

    Potassium phosphate dibasic は、monobasic phosphate ず䞀緒に働き、phosphate balance ず pH buffering を維持する。monobasic ず dibasic phosphate の比率は、反応の化孊的環境を調敎するのに圹立぀。

Energy / Nucleotide System

  • Ribose

    Ribose is a sugar component used in nucleotide metabolism. In this system, it helps support the regeneration or production of nucleotide-related molecules needed for transcription.

    Ribose は、nucleotide metabolism に䜿われる糖成分である。この system では、transcription に必芁な nucleotide-related molecules の再生や生成を支える。

  • Glucose

    Glucose provides a carbon and energy source for the cell-free reaction. It can be metabolized by enzymes in the lysate to help regenerate energy molecules.

    Glucose は、cell-free reaction に炭玠源ず energy source を提䟛する。lysate 内の酵玠によっお代謝され、energy molecules の再生を助ける。

  • AMP

    AMP is a nucleotide precursor that can be converted into ATP-related molecules. It supports the nucleotide and energy system needed for transcription and translation.

    AMP は nucleotide precursor であり、ATP-related molecules に倉換されるこずがある。transcription ず translation に必芁な nucleotide / energy system を支える。

  • CMP

    CMP is a cytidine nucleotide precursor. It helps provide the building blocks needed to regenerate CTP for RNA synthesis.

    CMP は cytidine nucleotide precursor である。RNA synthesis に必芁な CTP を再生するための building block を提䟛する。

  • GMP

    GMP is a guanosine nucleotide precursor. It supports the production or regeneration of GTP, which is needed for RNA synthesis and translation. GMP は guanosine nucleotide precursor である。RNA synthesis や translation に必芁な GTP の生成たたは再生を支える。

  • UMP

    UMP is a uridine nucleotide precursor. It helps provide the building blocks for UTP, which is required for transcription.

    UMP は uridine nucleotide precursor である。transcription に必芁な UTP の building block を提䟛する。

  • Guanine

    Guanine is a nucleobase that can be used in nucleotide salvage pathways. It helps support nucleotide regeneration in the reaction.

    Guanine は nucleobase であり、nucleotide salvage pathway に利甚される。反応内で nucleotide regeneration を支える。

Translation Mix (Amino Acids)

  • 17 Amino Acid Mix

    The 17 amino acid mix provides most of the amino acids needed to synthesize proteins. These amino acids are used by ribosomes during translation.

    17 amino acid mix は、タンパク質合成に必芁なほずんどの amino acids を䟛絊する。これらの amino acids は ribosome による translation の際に䜿われる。

  • Tyrosine

    Tyrosine is supplied separately because it can have solubility or stability issues in amino acid mixtures. It is still required as one of the amino acids incorporated into the protein.

    Tyrosine は、amino acid mixture の䞭で solubility や stability の問題があるため、別に䟛絊される。タンパク質に組み蟌たれる amino acid の䞀぀ずしお必芁である。

  • Cysteine

    Cysteine is supplied separately because it is chemically reactive and can be unstable. It is needed for protein synthesis and may also affect folding through sulfur-containing chemistry.

    Cysteine は化孊的に反応性が高く、䞍安定になりやすいため、別に䟛絊される。タンパク質合成に必芁であり、硫黄を含む化孊性質によっお protein folding にも圱響する可胜性がある。

Additives 添加物

  • Nicotinamide

    Nicotinamide supports cofactor-related metabolism in the lysate, especially pathways involving NAD-related chemistry. It may help sustain enzyme activity and energy regeneration during the reaction.

    Nicotinamide は、lysate 内の cofactor-related metabolism、特に NAD-related chemistry を支える。反応䞭の酵玠掻性や energy regeneration を維持する助けになる可胜性がある。

Backfill 䜓積調敎甚

  • Nuclease Free Water

    Nuclease-free water is used to bring the reaction to the final desired volume. It avoids introducing nucleases that could degrade DNA or RNA templates.

    Nuclease-free water は、反応を最終的な必芁 volume に調敎するために䜿われる。たた、DNA や RNA template を分解する nuclease を反応に持ち蟌たないために䜿甚される。


  1. Describe the main differences between the 1-hour optimized PEP-NTP master mix and the 20-hour NMP-Ribose-Glucose master mix shown in the Google Slide above. (2-3 sentences)

䞊の Google Slide に瀺されおいる 1時間反応甚に最適化された PEP-NTP master mix ず、20時間反応甚に最適化された NMP-Ribose-Glucose master mix の䞻な違いを説明しおください。(2~3文で


「巊の1時間甚ミックス」ず「䞭倮の20時間甚ミックス」は、䜕が違うのか    特に、゚ネルギヌ源・ヌクレオチド䟛絊方法・反応時間の違いを説明する

1-hour PEP-NTP mix:

The 1-hour PEP-NTP master mix uses pre-supplied NTPs and a PEP-based energy system, so it is designed for rapid transcription and protein expression over a short incubation time.

ATP/GTP/CTP/UTP などの NTPを盎接入れおいる。たた、PEP / PEP-mono を䜿っお、短時間で匷く反応させるタむプ。

→ It starts quickly, but it is not designed to sustain the reaction for a long time.
すぐ動くけど、長時間持続する蚭蚈ではない。

20-hour NMP-Ribose-Glucose mix:

The 20-hour NMP-Ribose-Glucose master mix uses NMPs, ribose, glucose, and guanine to regenerate nucleotides and energy through enzymes in the lysate. This makes the reaction more sustainable and suitable for longer cell-free protein synthesis.

NTPを盎接入れるのではなく、AMP/CMP/GMP/UMP などの NMP、ribose、glucose、guanine を䜿い、lysate 内の代謝酵玠でヌクレオチドや゚ネルギヌを再生する

→ It is more sustainable and suitable for long-duration cell-free protein production.
より持続的で、長時間のcell-free protein productionに向いおいる。


  1. Bonus question: How can transcription occur if GMP is not included but Guanine is?

    GMP が含たれおいないのに Guanine が含たれおいる堎合、どうやっお transcription転写が起こるのですか


GTP should be necessary for RNA synthesis.  
However, this master mix does not contain GMP; it contains only guanine.  
Even so, how is transcription possible?  

RNAを䜜るには GTP が必芁なはず。  
でもこの master mix には GMP がなくお Guanine だけが入っおいる。  
それでもどうしお転写できるの

Ref: An economical method for cell-free protein synthesis using glucose and nucleoside monophosphates
Kara A Calhoun 1, James R Swartz
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16080695/

E. coli xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferasegpt
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P0A9M5/entry

Even if GMP is not directly included, guanine may be converted into GMP through the nucleotide salvage pathway remaining in the E. coli lysate.

GMP が盎接入っおいなくおも、E. coli lysate に残っおいる nucleotide salvage pathway によっお、guanine から GMP が䜜られる可胜性がある。

Part C: Planning the Global Experiment | Cell-Free Master Mix Design


  1. Given the 6 fluorescent proteins we used for our collaborative painting, identify and explain at least one biophysical or functional property of each protein that affects expression or readout in cell-free systems. (Hint: options include maturation time, acid sensitivity, folding, oxygen dependence, etc) (1-2 sentences each)

共同制䜜のペむンティングで䜿った 6皮類の蛍光タンパク質に぀いお、それぞれ cell-free system での発珟や読み取りに圱響する biophysical / functional property を少なくずも1぀挙げお説明しなさい。


1. sfGFP   2. mRFP1   3. mKO2   4. mTurquoise2   5. mScarlet_I   6. Electra2  

The amino acid sequences are shown in the HTGAA Cell-Free Benchling folder.


In a cell-free system, even if a protein is produced from DNA, fluorescence may not appear immediately. Therefore, the readout can be affected by the following properties.   (cell-free system では、DNAからタンパク質が䜜られおも、すぐに蛍光が芋えるずは限らないので、読み取りには以䞋の性質が圱響する。)  

・maturation time
The time required after translation for the protein to form a fluorescent structure. A shorter maturation time allows the signal to appear faster.
タンパク質が翻蚳されたあず、蛍光を出す構造になるたでの時間。短いほど早くシグナルが芋える。

・acid sensitivity / pH sensitivity
The fluorescence may become weaker or disappear depending on the pH of the reaction mixture.
反応液のpHによっお蛍光が匱くなったり消えたりするこずがある。

・folding
If the protein does not fold correctly, it will not fluoresce. In cell-free systems, proteins that fold efficiently are easier to read reliably.
タンパク質が正しく折りたたたれないず、蛍光が出ない。cell-freeではfoldingしやすいタンパク質の方が安定しお読める。

・oxygen dependence
Many fluorescent proteins require oxygen for chromophore maturation, so oxygen conditions can affect fluorescence development.
倚くの蛍光タンパク質は chromophore maturation に酞玠が必芁なので、酞玠条件が蛍光の発生に圱響する。

・brightness
Even if the same amount of protein is produced, a brighter fluorescent protein will give a stronger signal.
同じ量のタンパク質が䜜られおも、明るいタンパク質ほど匷く芋える。

・photostability
This refers to how resistant the fluorescence is to bleaching during light exposure. It can affect observation and imaging time.
光を圓お続けたずきに蛍光がどれくらい退色しにくいか。芳察や撮圱時間に圱響する。


1. sfGFP

sfGFP stands for superfolder GFP. It is designed to fold efficiently, so it can produce a reliable fluorescent signal even in cell-free systems where protein folding conditions may not be perfect.
It is also reported to mature rapidly, so green fluorescence can appear relatively soon after translation.

sfGFP は superfolder GFP の略で、通垞のGFPよりも折りたたみやすいように蚭蚈された蛍光タンパク質である。   sfGFP は folding しやすく蚭蚈されおいるため、cell-free system のように folding 条件が完党ではない環境でも reporter ずしお䜿いやすい。
たた、成熟が速いずされおいるため、翻蚳埌に比范的早く緑色蛍光が芋えやすい。

Ref:

FPbase: Superfolder GFP https://www.fpbase.org/protein/sfgfp : sfGFP が very rapidly-maturing な green fluorescent protein ずしお説明されおいる。

RCSB PDB: 2B3P / Crystal structure of superfolder GFP: sfGFP が、folding の悪いポリペプチドに融合しおもよく折りたたたれるように䜜られた robustly folded GFP ず蚘茉あり。  

2. mRFP1

mRFP1 is a monomeric red fluorescent protein, which makes it useful as a reporter because it is less likely to aggregate than tetrameric red fluorescent proteins.
However, it has lower brightness and photostability than DsRed, so its red fluorescence may be weaker or less stable during observation.
It also has relatively low acid sensitivity, which can make its fluorescence more stable under moderate pH variation.

mRFP1 は monomeric red fluorescent protein であり、四量䜓の赀色蛍光タンパク質よりも凝集しにくいため、reporter ずしお䜿いやすい。
䞀方で、DsRed ず比べるず brightness や photostability が䜎いため、cell-free system での赀色蛍光シグナルはやや匱く芋えたり、芳察䞭に安定性が䞋がったりする可胜性がある。
たた、acid sensitivity は䜎いずされおいるため、ある皋床の pH 倉化に察しおは蛍光が比范的安定しやすい。

Ref: FPbase: mRFP1 https://www.fpbase.org/protein/mrfp1/   mRFP1 は Discosoma sp. 由来の赀色蛍光タンパク質で、somewhat slowly-maturing monomer、か぀ low acid sensitivity ず説明

Campbell et al., 2002, “A monomeric red fluorescent protein”
mRFP1 は DsRed より extinction coefficient、quantum yield、photostability が䜎い䞀方で、10倍以䞊速く成熟するず説明されおいる。    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12060735/


3. mKO2

mKO2 is an orange fluorescent protein with relatively rapid maturation, which can help the orange fluorescence appear sooner after translation in a cell-free reaction.    It also has moderate acid sensitivity, so the pH of the cell-free reaction may affect the strength of the fluorescence readout.

mKO2 はオレンゞ色の蛍光タンパク質で、比范的 maturation が速いずされおいるため、cell-free reaction では翻蚳埌にオレンゞ色蛍光が早く芋えやすい可胜性がある。    䞀方で、moderate acid sensitivity を持぀ため、反応液の pH によっお蛍光匷床が圱響を受ける可胜性がある。

Ref:

FPbase: mKO2 

MBL Life Science: Kusabira-Orange / mKO2  

https://ruo.mbl.co.jp/bio/e/product/flprotein/ko.html   

mKO2 は mKO1 の倉異䜓で、rapid maturation を特城ずし、reporter assay に䜿える


4. mTurquoise2

mTurquoise2
mTurquoise2 is a bright cyan fluorescent protein with faster maturation, high photostability, and high quantum yield.    These properties are useful in cell-free systems because the cyan fluorescence can appear efficiently and remain stable during observation.

mTurquoise2 は、明るく、maturation が速く、photostability が高く、quantum yield も高いシアン色蛍光タンパク質である。   cell-free system では、翻蚳埌に蛍光が早く芋えやすく、芳察䞭もシグナルが安定しやすい点が重芁である。

brighter variant → 明るい蛍光タンパク質なので、cell-free system でシグナルが読み取りやすい。 faster maturation → 翻蚳埌、蛍光が芋えるたでの成熟が速いので、短時間の反応でも読み取りやすい。 high photostability → 芳察䞭に蛍光が退色しにくい。 highest quantum yield → 効率よく蛍光を出すため、匷いシグナルに぀ながる。

Ref:

FPbase: mTurquoise2 https://www.fpbase.org/protein/mturquoise2/

Structure-guided evolution of cyan fluorescent proteins towards a quantum yield of 93%

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221877718_Structure-guided_evolution_of_cyan_fluorescent_proteins_towards_a_quantum_yield_of_93

———  

5. mScarlet_I

mScarlet-I

mScarlet-I is a monomeric red fluorescent protein related to the mScarlet family, which was engineered for very high brightness and quantum yield.
In a cell-free system, high brightness is useful because it can make the red fluorescence easier to detect even if the amount of expressed protein is limited.

mScarlet-I は mScarlet 系列の単量䜓赀色蛍光タンパク質であり、mScarlet は高い brightness ず quantum yield を持぀ように蚭蚈されおいる。
cell-free system では、発珟量が少ない堎合でも、蛍光タンパク質自䜓が明るいほど赀色シグナルを怜出しやすくなる。

Ref:

FPbase: mScarlet_I https://www.fpbase.org/protein/mscarlet/

mScarlet: a bright monomeric red fluorescent protein for cellular imaging

https://experiments.springernature.com/articles/10.1038/nmeth.4074


6. Electra2

Electra2 is a blue fluorescent protein.
Blue fluorescent proteins are often less bright than fluorescent proteins in other color ranges, so the blue signal may be harder to detect in a cell-free readout.
Spectral separation from the other fluorescent proteins is also important when reading the final collaborative painting.

Electra2 は青色蛍光タンパク質である。
Blue fluorescent proteins は、他の色の蛍光タンパク質に比べお brightness が䜎い傟向があるため、cell-free system では青色シグナルが匱く芋える可胜性がある。
たた、共同制䜜のように耇数の蛍光タンパク質を䜿う堎合、他の色ずの spectral separation も読み取りに圱響する。

Ref:

FPbase: Electra2 https://www.fpbase.org/protein/electra2/

Dual-expression system for blue fluorescent protein optimization

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-13214-0


  1. Create a hypothesis for how adjusting one or more reagents in the cell-free mastermix could improve a specific biophysical or functional property you identified above, in order to maximize fluorescence over a 36-hour incubation. Clearly state the protein, the reagent(s), and the expected effect.

䞊で特定した蛍光タンパク質の biophysical / functional property を改善するために、cell-free mastermix の䞭の1぀以䞊の詊薬を調敎するず、36時間の incubation で蛍光を最倧化できるずいう仮説を立おおください。

その際、以䞋を明確に曞いおください。

  • 察象ずする蛍光タンパク質
  • 調敎する詊薬
  • 期埅される効果

36時間ずいう長い cell-free reaction で、蛍光をより匷く・長く・安定しお芋せるには、mastermix のどの成分を調敎すればよいか

mScarlet-I

I chose mScarlet-I as the target protein.
mScarlet-I is already a bright red fluorescent protein, so I thought that if expression could be maintained for a longer time during the 36-hour cell-free artwork incubation, it could produce a stronger red fluorescence signal.

Hypothesis:
By adjusting ribose and NMPs (AMP, CMP, GMP, UMP), the reaction could maintain energy and nucleotide regeneration for a longer period, which could make mScarlet-I fluorescence stronger after 36 hours.

This is because the ribose and NMP system is important for supporting long-duration transcription and translation.

察象タンパク質ずしお mScarlet-I を遞ぶ。
mScarlet-I はもずもず明るい赀色蛍光タンパク質であるため、36時間の cell-free artwork incubation では、発珟を長く維持できれば匷い赀色シグナルが埗られるず考えた。

仮説 riboseずNMPsAMP, CMP, GMP, UMPを調敎しお゚ネルギヌずヌクレオチド再生を長く維持し、mScarlet-I の蛍光を36時間でより匷くできるずいうものである。

ribose ず NMP 系は、長時間の転写・翻蚳を支えるために重芁であるためである。


  1. The second phase of this lab will be to define the precise reagent concentrations for your cell-free experiment. You will be assigned artwork wells with specific fluorescent proteins and receive an email with instructions this week (by April 24). You can begin composing master mix compositions here. https://rcdonovan.com/cfps

このラボの第2段階では、cell-free experiment に䜿う 正確な reagent concentration詊薬濃床 を決めたす。

あなたには、特定の蛍光タンパク質が割り圓おられた artwork well が指定されたす。 今週䞭、4月24日たでに、メヌルで詳しい指瀺が届きたす。

以䞋のサむトで、master mix composition の䜜成を始めるこずができたす。

https://rcdonovan.com/cfps


Based on my hypothesis, I used the CFPS Optimization Interface to make a preliminary master mix design.
I started from the 20-hour NMP-Ribose-Glucose master mix and slightly increased ribose and the NMP-related components.

先ほどの仮説に基づき、CFPS Optimization Interface を䜿っお preliminary master mix design を䜜成した。20-hour NMP-Ribose-Glucose master mix を baseline ずし、ribose ず NMP 系成分を少し増やした。

The changes were:

  • Ribose: 11.625 g/L → 11.875 g/L
  • AMP: 0.625 mM → 0.750 mM
  • CMP: 0.375 mM → 0.500 mM
  • GMP: 0 mM → 0.125 mM
  • UMP: 0.375 mM → 0.500 mM

I kept the adjustment small because this was a preliminary design, not a finalized recipe.    The expected effect is that sustained nucleotide regeneration could support longer transcription and translation, allowing more mScarlet-I to be produced and matured over 36 hours.

I explored the HTGAA:1536 CFPS page and understood that the completed pixel artwork is connected to cell-free reaction compositions. Some wells already showed assigned fluorescent proteins, contributors, and saved reagent conditions.

I contributed to the pixel artwork, but I was not listed as an approved CFPS contributor for editing the final reaction compositions. Therefore, I could not directly adjust or save reagent concentrations on the final artwork page. 😭

I also checked an existing finalized mScarlet-I reagent composition on the HTGAA:1536 CFPS page. Its reagent concentrations appeared to be close to the original 20-hour NMP-Ribose-Glucose baseline, before the increases I tested in my preliminary design.

実際に実行された mScarlet-I の reagent composition を確認したずころ、ribose や NMP 系成分は、自分が増やす前の baseline に近い倀だった。  


  1. The final phase of this lab will be analyzing the fluorescence data we collect to determine whether we can draw any conclusions about favorable reagent compositions for our fluorescent proteins. This will be due a week after the data is returned (date TBD!). The reaction composition for each well will be as follows:
  • 6 ÎŒL of Lysate
  • 10 ÎŒL of 2X Optimized Master Mix from above
  • 2 ÎŒL of assigned fluorescent protein DNA template
  • 2 ÎŒL of your custom reagent supplements

Total: 20 ÎŒL reaction

このラボの最終段階では、収集された蛍光デヌタを解析したす。 その解析によっお、各蛍光タンパク質にずっお有利な reagent composition、぀たりどの詊薬配合がよかったのかに぀いお、䜕らかの結論を出せるかを刀断したす。

この課題は、デヌタが返华されおから1週間埌に提出ずなりたす。 日付はただ未定です。

各wellの reaction composition は以䞋のようになりたす。

Lysate6 ÎŒL 䞊で䜜成した 2X Optimized Master Mix10 ÎŒL 割り圓おられた fluorescent protein DNA template2 ÎŒL 自分の custom reagent supplements2 ÎŒL

合蚈20 ÎŒL reaction


To test my hypothesis, I would compare whether the condition with increased ribose and NMP-related components produces stronger mScarlet-I fluorescence than the baseline condition.

If the fluorescence becomes stronger, it may suggest that sustained nucleotide regeneration supported longer transcription and translation.
If there is no improvement, it may mean that ribose and NMPs were not the limiting factors, and that other factors such as pH, magnesium concentration, oxygen availability, or maturation were more important.

自分の仮説の確認のために、ribose ず NMP 系成分を増やした条件が、baseline よりも mScarlet-I の蛍光を匷くするかを芋る。

もし蛍光が匷くなっおいれば、nucleotide regeneration の維持が長時間の transcription / translation を支えた可胜性がある。
改善がなければ、ribose や NMPs は制限芁因ではなく、pH、magnesium、酞玠、maturation など別の芁因が重芁だった可胜性がある。

Part D: Build-A-Cloud-Lab | (optional) Bonus Assignment

  1. Use this simulation tool to create an interesting looking cloud lab out of the Ginkgo Reconfigurable Automation Carts. This is just a minimal implementation so far, but I would love to see some fun designs!

Tip!!! Note from Ronan: If you are interested in helping me build out future HTGAA cloud lab software, please fill out this form!

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScxtSh187245nsYRNHaKn93FTUoRMPjEbNwzltEAibt90g0ew/viewform