Week 11HW â Bioproduction & Cloud Labs
‘week-11-hw-building-genomes
Documentation
Homework: Bioproduction & Cloud Labs
Part A: The 1,536 Pixel Artwork Canvas | Collective Artwork
- Contribute at least one pixel to this global artwork experiment before the editing ends on Sunday 4/19 at 11:59 PM EST.
- A personalized URL was sent to the email address associated with your Discourse account, and you can discuss the artwork on the Discourse.
- If you did not have a chance to contribute, itâs okay, just make sure you become a TA this fall! ð
- Make a note on your HTGAA webpages including:
- what you contributed to the community bioart project (e.g., âI made part of the DNA on the bottom right plateâ)
- what you liked about the project, and
- what about this collaborative art experiment could be made better for next year.

Part A: Community Bioart Project
I liked that the project allowed many people to create one artwork together through small individual actions. Even though each contribution was simple, the final image became much richer through collaboration. It was a fun and interesting way to participate in a collective bioart experiment.
I also thought it was a beautiful form of collaboration that people discussed and worked together toward one shared image.
For next year, it might also be interesting to try a different format that is less about drawing a specific picture and more based on game-like rules.
For example, it could work like a territory game, where participants form teams by node or across nodes, and pixels expand or disappear according to certain rules.
Another possibility would be to limit how participants can edit the image. Instead of drawing freely, each person could only use fixed patterns, such as a three-pixel line, a cross shape, or diagonal marks. The final image might not become a beautiful picture in the usual sense, but the process itself could become more experimental and interesting.
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I contributed to the global community bioart project and made 109 contributions, ranking 19th overall.
ç§ã¯ global community bioart project ã«åå ãã109åè²¢ç®ããŠå šäœã§19äœã ã£ãã
Part B: Cell-Free Protein Synthesis | Cell-Free Reagentsãã
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- Referencing the cell-free protein synthesis reaction composition (the middle box outlined in yellow on the image above, also listed below), provide a 1-2 sentence description of what each componentâs role is in the cell-free reaction.
äžã®ç»åã® äžå€®ã®é»è²ãæ ã§å²ãŸãã cell-free protein synthesis reaction composition ãåç §ããããããã®æåã cell-free reaction ã®äžã§ã©ã®ãããªåœ¹å²ãæã€ã®ããã1ã2æã§èª¬æããŠãã ããã
E. coli Lysateãå€§è žèã©ã€ã»ãŒã
- BL21 (DE3) Star Lysate (includes T7 RNA Polymerase)
The E. coli lysate provides the cellular machinery needed for transcription and translation, including ribosomes, tRNAs, enzymes, and other factors. Because this lysate includes T7 RNA polymerase, it can transcribe DNA templates controlled by a T7 promoter.
E. coli lysate ã¯ã転åãšç¿»èš³ã«å¿ èŠãªçްèå ã®ä»çµã¿ãæäŸãããããã«ã¯ ribosomeãtRNAãé µçŽ ããã®ä»ã®å åãå«ãŸããããã® lysate ã«ã¯ T7 RNA polymerase ãå«ãŸããŠãããããT7 promoter ã«ãã£ãŠå¶åŸ¡ããã DNA template ã転åããããšãã§ããã
Salts/Buffer
Potassium Glutamate
Potassium glutamate helps maintain ionic strength and provides potassium ions, which are important for translation and enzyme activity. It also helps mimic the intracellular environment of E. coli.
Potassium glutamate ã¯ãåå¿ã® ionic strength ãç¶æããtranslation ãé µçŽ æŽ»æ§ã«éèŠãª potassium ions ãäŸçµŠããããŸããE. coli ã®çްèå ç°å¢ãæš¡å£ããã®ã«ã圹ç«ã€ã
HEPES-KOH pH 7.5
HEPES-KOH acts as a buffer to keep the reaction at a stable pH. Maintaining pH around 7.5 is important because transcription and translation enzymes are sensitive to pH changes.
HEPES-KOH 㯠buffer ãšããŠåããåå¿ã® pH ãå®å®ã«ä¿ã€ã転åã翻蚳ã«é¢ããé µçŽ ã¯ pH ã®å€åã«ææãªãããpH 7.5 ä»è¿ãç¶æããããšãéèŠã§ããã
Magnesium Glutamate
Magnesium ions are essential cofactors for many reactions in cell-free protein synthesis. They are especially important for ribosome function, nucleotide reactions, and RNA polymerase activity.
Magnesium ions ã¯ãcell-free protein synthesis ã«ãããå€ãã®åå¿ã«å¿ èŠãª cofactor ã§ãããç¹ã«ãribosome ã®æ©èœãnucleotide reactionãRNA polymerase activity ã«éèŠã§ããã
Potassium phosphate monobasic
Potassium phosphate monobasic contributes phosphate and potassium ions to the reaction. It also helps support buffering and energy-related phosphate chemistry.
Potassium phosphate monobasic ã¯ãåå¿ã« phosphate ãš potassium ions ãäŸçµŠããããŸããbuffering ã energy-related phosphate chemistry ãæ¯ãã圹å²ãããã
Potassium phosphate dibasic
Potassium phosphate dibasic works together with monobasic phosphate to help maintain phosphate balance and pH buffering. The ratio of monobasic and dibasic phosphate helps set the chemical environment of the reaction.
Potassium phosphate dibasic ã¯ãmonobasic phosphate ãšäžç·ã«åããphosphate balance ãš pH buffering ãç¶æãããmonobasic ãš dibasic phosphate ã®æ¯çã¯ãåå¿ã®ååŠçç°å¢ã調æŽããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã€ã
Energy / Nucleotide System
Ribose
Ribose is a sugar component used in nucleotide metabolism. In this system, it helps support the regeneration or production of nucleotide-related molecules needed for transcription.
Ribose ã¯ãnucleotide metabolism ã«äœ¿ãããç³æåã§ããããã® system ã§ã¯ãtranscription ã«å¿ èŠãª nucleotide-related molecules ã®åçãçæãæ¯ããã
Glucose
Glucose provides a carbon and energy source for the cell-free reaction. It can be metabolized by enzymes in the lysate to help regenerate energy molecules.
Glucose ã¯ãcell-free reaction ã«ççŽ æºãš energy source ãæäŸãããlysate å ã®é µçŽ ã«ãã£ãŠä»£è¬ãããenergy molecules ã®åçãå©ããã
AMP
AMP is a nucleotide precursor that can be converted into ATP-related molecules. It supports the nucleotide and energy system needed for transcription and translation.
AMP 㯠nucleotide precursor ã§ãããATP-related molecules ã«å€æãããããšããããtranscription ãš translation ã«å¿ èŠãª nucleotide / energy system ãæ¯ããã
CMP
CMP is a cytidine nucleotide precursor. It helps provide the building blocks needed to regenerate CTP for RNA synthesis.
CMP 㯠cytidine nucleotide precursor ã§ãããRNA synthesis ã«å¿ èŠãª CTP ãåçããããã® building block ãæäŸããã
GMP
GMP is a guanosine nucleotide precursor. It supports the production or regeneration of GTP, which is needed for RNA synthesis and translation. GMP 㯠guanosine nucleotide precursor ã§ãããRNA synthesis ã translation ã«å¿ èŠãª GTP ã®çæãŸãã¯åçãæ¯ããã
UMP
UMP is a uridine nucleotide precursor. It helps provide the building blocks for UTP, which is required for transcription.
UMP 㯠uridine nucleotide precursor ã§ãããtranscription ã«å¿ èŠãª UTP ã® building block ãæäŸããã
Guanine
Guanine is a nucleobase that can be used in nucleotide salvage pathways. It helps support nucleotide regeneration in the reaction.
Guanine 㯠nucleobase ã§ãããnucleotide salvage pathway ã«å©çšããããåå¿å ã§ nucleotide regeneration ãæ¯ããã
Translation Mix (Amino Acids)
17 Amino Acid Mix
The 17 amino acid mix provides most of the amino acids needed to synthesize proteins. These amino acids are used by ribosomes during translation.
17 amino acid mix ã¯ãã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªåæã«å¿ èŠãªã»ãšãã©ã® amino acids ãäŸçµŠããããããã® amino acids 㯠ribosome ã«ãã translation ã®éã«äœ¿ãããã
Tyrosine
Tyrosine is supplied separately because it can have solubility or stability issues in amino acid mixtures. It is still required as one of the amino acids incorporated into the protein.
Tyrosine ã¯ãamino acid mixture ã®äžã§ solubility ã stability ã®åé¡ããããããå¥ã«äŸçµŠããããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸãã amino acid ã®äžã€ãšããŠå¿ èŠã§ããã
Cysteine
Cysteine is supplied separately because it is chemically reactive and can be unstable. It is needed for protein synthesis and may also affect folding through sulfur-containing chemistry.
Cysteine ã¯ååŠçã«åå¿æ§ãé«ããäžå®å®ã«ãªãããããããå¥ã«äŸçµŠããããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªåæã«å¿ èŠã§ãããç¡«é»ãå«ãååŠæ§è³ªã«ãã£ãŠ protein folding ã«ã圱é¿ããå¯èœæ§ãããã
Additivesãæ·»å ç©
Nicotinamide
Nicotinamide supports cofactor-related metabolism in the lysate, especially pathways involving NAD-related chemistry. It may help sustain enzyme activity and energy regeneration during the reaction.
Nicotinamide ã¯ãlysate å ã® cofactor-related metabolismãç¹ã« NAD-related chemistry ãæ¯ãããåå¿äžã®é µçŽ æŽ»æ§ã energy regeneration ãç¶æããå©ãã«ãªãå¯èœæ§ãããã
Backfillãäœç©èª¿æŽçš
Nuclease Free Water
Nuclease-free water is used to bring the reaction to the final desired volume. It avoids introducing nucleases that could degrade DNA or RNA templates.
Nuclease-free water ã¯ãåå¿ãæçµçãªå¿ èŠ volume ã«èª¿æŽããããã«äœ¿ãããããŸããDNA ã RNA template ãåè§£ãã nuclease ãåå¿ã«æã¡èŸŒãŸãªãããã«äœ¿çšãããã
- Describe the main differences between the 1-hour optimized PEP-NTP master mix and the 20-hour NMP-Ribose-Glucose master mix shown in the Google Slide above. (2-3 sentences)
äžã® Google Slide ã«ç€ºãããŠãã 1æéåå¿çšã«æé©åããã PEP-NTP master mix ãšã20æéåå¿çšã«æé©åããã NMP-Ribose-Glucose master mix ã®äž»ãªéãã説æããŠãã ããã(2~3æã§ïŒ
ãå·Šã®1æéçšããã¯ã¹ããšãäžå€®ã®20æéçšããã¯ã¹ãã¯ãäœãéãã®ãïŒããã ç¹ã«ããšãã«ã®ãŒæºã»ãã¯ã¬ãªããäŸçµŠæ¹æ³ã»åå¿æéã®éãã説æãã
1-hour PEP-NTP mix:
The 1-hour PEP-NTP master mix uses pre-supplied NTPs and a PEP-based energy system, so it is designed for rapid transcription and protein expression over a short incubation time.
ATP/GTP/CTP/UTP ãªã©ã® NTPãçŽæ¥å ¥ããŠããããŸããPEP / PEP-mono ã䜿ã£ãŠãçæéã§åŒ·ãåå¿ãããã¿ã€ãã
â It starts quickly, but it is not designed to sustain the reaction for a long time.
ããåããã©ãé·æéæç¶ããèšèšã§ã¯ãªãã
20-hour NMP-Ribose-Glucose mix:
The 20-hour NMP-Ribose-Glucose master mix uses NMPs, ribose, glucose, and guanine to regenerate nucleotides and energy through enzymes in the lysate. This makes the reaction more sustainable and suitable for longer cell-free protein synthesis.
NTPãçŽæ¥å ¥ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããAMP/CMP/GMP/UMP ãªã©ã® NMPãriboseãglucoseãguanine ã䜿ããlysate å ã®ä»£è¬é µçŽ ã§ãã¯ã¬ãªããããšãã«ã®ãŒãåçãã
â It is more sustainable and suitable for long-duration cell-free protein production.
ããæç¶çã§ãé·æéã®cell-free protein productionã«åããŠããã
Bonus question: How can transcription occur if GMP is not included but Guanine is?
GMP ãå«ãŸããŠããªãã®ã« Guanine ãå«ãŸããŠããå Žåãã©ããã£ãŠ transcriptionïŒè»¢åïŒãèµ·ããã®ã§ããïŒ
Ref:
An economical method for cell-free protein synthesis using glucose and nucleoside monophosphates
Kara A Calhoun 1, James R Swartz
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16080695/
E. coli xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferaseïŒgptïŒ
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P0A9M5/entry
Even if GMP is not directly included, guanine may be converted into GMP through the nucleotide salvage pathway remaining in the E. coli lysate.
GMP ãçŽæ¥å ¥ã£ãŠããªããŠããE. coli lysate ã«æ®ã£ãŠãã nucleotide salvage pathway ã«ãã£ãŠãguanine ãã GMP ãäœãããå¯èœæ§ãããã
Part C: Planning the Global Experiment | Cell-Free Master Mix Design
- Given the 6 fluorescent proteins we used for our collaborative painting, identify and explain at least one biophysical or functional property of each protein that affects expression or readout in cell-free systems. (Hint: options include maturation time, acid sensitivity, folding, oxygen dependence, etc) (1-2 sentences each)
å ±åå¶äœã®ãã€ã³ãã£ã³ã°ã§äœ¿ã£ã 6çš®é¡ã®èå ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã«ã€ããŠããããã cell-free system ã§ã®çºçŸãèªã¿åãã«åœ±é¿ãã biophysical / functional property ãå°ãªããšã1ã€æããŠèª¬æããªããã
1. sfGFPãã 2. mRFP1ãã 3. mKO2ãã 4. mTurquoise2ãã 5. mScarlet_Iãã 6. Electra2ãã
The amino acid sequences are shown in the HTGAA Cell-Free Benchling folder.
In a cell-free system, even if a protein is produced from DNA, fluorescence may not appear immediately. Therefore, the readout can be affected by the following properties.ãã (cell-free system ã§ã¯ãDNAããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãäœãããŠããããã«èå ãèŠãããšã¯éããªãã®ã§ãèªã¿åãã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®æ§è³ªã圱é¿ããã)ãã
ã»maturation time
The time required after translation for the protein to form a fluorescent structure. A shorter maturation time allows the signal to appear faster.
ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã翻蚳ãããããšãèå
ãåºãæ§é ã«ãªããŸã§ã®æéãçãã»ã©æ©ãã·ã°ãã«ãèŠããã
ã»acid sensitivity / pH sensitivity
The fluorescence may become weaker or disappear depending on the pH of the reaction mixture.
åå¿æ¶²ã®pHã«ãã£ãŠèå
ã匱ããªã£ããæ¶ãããããããšãããã
ã»folding
If the protein does not fold correctly, it will not fluoresce. In cell-free systems, proteins that fold efficiently are easier to read reliably.
ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãæ£ããæããããŸããªããšãèå
ãåºãªããcell-freeã§ã¯foldingããããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®æ¹ãå®å®ããŠèªããã
ã»oxygen dependence
Many fluorescent proteins require oxygen for chromophore maturation, so oxygen conditions can affect fluorescence development.
å€ãã®èå
ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã¯ chromophore maturation ã«é
žçŽ ãå¿
èŠãªã®ã§ãé
žçŽ æ¡ä»¶ãèå
ã®çºçã«åœ±é¿ããã
ã»brightness
Even if the same amount of protein is produced, a brighter fluorescent protein will give a stronger signal.
åãéã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãäœãããŠããæããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã»ã©åŒ·ãèŠããã
ã»photostability
This refers to how resistant the fluorescence is to bleaching during light exposure. It can affect observation and imaging time.
å
ãåœãŠç¶ãããšãã«èå
ãã©ããããéè²ãã«ãããã芳å¯ãæ®åœ±æéã«åœ±é¿ããã
1. sfGFP
sfGFP stands for superfolder GFP. It is designed to fold efficiently, so it can produce a reliable fluorescent signal even in cell-free systems where protein folding conditions may not be perfect.
It is also reported to mature rapidly, so green fluorescence can appear relatively soon after translation.
sfGFP 㯠superfolder GFP ã®ç¥ã§ãéåžžã®GFPãããæãããã¿ãããããã«èšèšãããèå
ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã§ããããã
sfGFP 㯠folding ããããèšèšãããŠãããããcell-free system ã®ããã« folding æ¡ä»¶ãå®å
šã§ã¯ãªãç°å¢ã§ã reporter ãšããŠäœ¿ããããã
ãŸããæçãéããšãããŠããããã翻蚳åŸã«æ¯èŒçæ©ãç·è²èå
ãèŠããããã

Ref:
FPbase: Superfolder GFP https://www.fpbase.org/protein/sfgfp : sfGFP ã very rapidly-maturing 㪠green fluorescent protein ãšããŠèª¬æãããŠããã
RCSB PDB: 2B3P / Crystal structure of superfolder GFP: sfGFP ããfolding ã®æªãããªããããã«èåããŠãããæããããŸããããã«äœããã robustly folded GFP ãšèšèŒããããã
2. mRFP1
mRFP1 is a monomeric red fluorescent protein, which makes it useful as a reporter because it is less likely to aggregate than tetrameric red fluorescent proteins.
However, it has lower brightness and photostability than DsRed, so its red fluorescence may be weaker or less stable during observation.
It also has relatively low acid sensitivity, which can make its fluorescence more stable under moderate pH variation.
mRFP1 㯠monomeric red fluorescent protein ã§ãããåéäœã®èµ€è²èå
ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãããåéãã«ãããããreporter ãšããŠäœ¿ããããã
äžæ¹ã§ãDsRed ãšæ¯ã¹ããš brightness ã photostability ãäœããããcell-free system ã§ã®èµ€è²èå
ã·ã°ãã«ã¯ãã匱ãèŠãããã芳å¯äžã«å®å®æ§ãäžãã£ããããå¯èœæ§ãããã
ãŸããacid sensitivity ã¯äœããšãããŠãããããããçšåºŠã® pH å€åã«å¯ŸããŠã¯èå
ãæ¯èŒçå®å®ããããã

Ref: FPbase: mRFP1ãhttps://www.fpbase.org/protein/mrfp1/ãã mRFP1 㯠Discosoma sp. ç±æ¥ã®èµ€è²èå ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã§ãsomewhat slowly-maturing monomerãã〠low acid sensitivity ãšèª¬æ
Campbell et al., 2002, âA monomeric red fluorescent proteinâ
mRFP1 㯠DsRed ãã extinction coefficientãquantum yieldãphotostability ãäœãäžæ¹ã§ã10å以äžéãæçãããšèª¬æãããŠãããããã
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12060735/
3. mKO2
mKO2 is an orange fluorescent protein with relatively rapid maturation, which can help the orange fluorescence appear sooner after translation in a cell-free reaction.ããã It also has moderate acid sensitivity, so the pH of the cell-free reaction may affect the strength of the fluorescence readout.
mKO2 ã¯ãªã¬ã³ãžè²ã®èå ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã§ãæ¯èŒç maturation ãéããšãããŠãããããcell-free reaction ã§ã¯ç¿»èš³åŸã«ãªã¬ã³ãžè²èå ãæ©ãèŠããããå¯èœæ§ããããããã äžæ¹ã§ãmoderate acid sensitivity ãæã€ãããåå¿æ¶²ã® pH ã«ãã£ãŠèå 匷床ã圱é¿ãåããå¯èœæ§ãããã

Ref:
FPbase: mKO2ã
MBL Life Science: Kusabira-Orange / mKO2 ã
https://ruo.mbl.co.jp/bio/e/product/flprotein/ko.htmlããã
mKO2 㯠mKO1 ã®å€ç°äœã§ãrapid maturation ãç¹åŸŽãšããreporter assay ã«äœ¿ãã
4. mTurquoise2
mTurquoise2
mTurquoise2 is a bright cyan fluorescent protein with faster maturation, high photostability, and high quantum yield. ãã
These properties are useful in cell-free systems because the cyan fluorescence can appear efficiently and remain stable during observation.
mTurquoise2 ã¯ãæãããmaturation ãéããphotostability ãé«ããquantum yield ãé«ãã·ã¢ã³è²èå ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã§ããããã cell-free system ã§ã¯ã翻蚳åŸã«èå ãæ©ãèŠããããã芳å¯äžãã·ã°ãã«ãå®å®ããããç¹ãéèŠã§ããã
brighter variant â æããèå ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãªã®ã§ãcell-free system ã§ã·ã°ãã«ãèªã¿åããããã faster maturation â 翻蚳åŸãèå ãèŠãããŸã§ã®æçãéãã®ã§ãçæéã®åå¿ã§ãèªã¿åããããã high photostability â 芳å¯äžã«èå ãéè²ãã«ããã highest quantum yield â å¹çããèå ãåºãããã匷ãã·ã°ãã«ã«ã€ãªããã

Ref:
FPbase: mTurquoise2 https://www.fpbase.org/protein/mturquoise2/
Structure-guided evolution of cyan fluorescent proteins towards a quantum yield of 93%
———ãã
5. mScarlet_I
mScarlet-I
mScarlet-I is a monomeric red fluorescent protein related to the mScarlet family, which was engineered for very high brightness and quantum yield.
In a cell-free system, high brightness is useful because it can make the red fluorescence easier to detect even if the amount of expressed protein is limited.
mScarlet-I 㯠mScarlet ç³»åã®åéäœèµ€è²èå
ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã§ãããmScarlet ã¯é«ã brightness ãš quantum yield ãæã€ããã«èšèšãããŠããã
cell-free system ã§ã¯ãçºçŸéãå°ãªãå Žåã§ããèå
ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªèªäœãæããã»ã©èµ€è²ã·ã°ãã«ãæ€åºãããããªãã

Ref:
FPbase: mScarlet_I https://www.fpbase.org/protein/mscarlet/
mScarlet: a bright monomeric red fluorescent protein for cellular imaging
https://experiments.springernature.com/articles/10.1038/nmeth.4074
6. Electra2
Electra2 is a blue fluorescent protein.
Blue fluorescent proteins are often less bright than fluorescent proteins in other color ranges, so the blue signal may be harder to detect in a cell-free readout.
Spectral separation from the other fluorescent proteins is also important when reading the final collaborative painting.
Electra2 ã¯éè²èå
ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã§ããã
Blue fluorescent proteins ã¯ãä»ã®è²ã®èå
ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã«æ¯ã¹ãŠ brightness ãäœãåŸåããããããcell-free system ã§ã¯éè²ã·ã°ãã«ã匱ãèŠããå¯èœæ§ãããã
ãŸããå
±åå¶äœã®ããã«è€æ°ã®èå
ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã䜿ãå Žåãä»ã®è²ãšã® spectral separation ãèªã¿åãã«åœ±é¿ããã

Ref:
FPbase: Electra2 https://www.fpbase.org/protein/electra2/
Dual-expression system for blue fluorescent protein optimization
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-13214-0
- Create a hypothesis for how adjusting one or more reagents in the cell-free mastermix could improve a specific biophysical or functional property you identified above, in order to maximize fluorescence over a 36-hour incubation. Clearly state the protein, the reagent(s), and the expected effect.
äžã§ç¹å®ããèå ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã® biophysical / functional property ãæ¹åããããã«ãcell-free mastermix ã®äžã®1ã€ä»¥äžã®è©Šè¬ã調æŽãããšã36æéã® incubation ã§èå ãæå€§åã§ãããšãã仮説ãç«ãŠãŠãã ããã
ãã®éã以äžãæç¢ºã«æžããŠãã ããã
- 察象ãšããèå ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ª
- 調æŽãã詊è¬
- æåŸ ããã广
36æéãšããé·ã cell-free reaction ã§ãèå ããã匷ãã»é·ãã»å®å®ããŠèŠããã«ã¯ãmastermix ã®ã©ã®æåã調æŽããã°ãããïŒ
mScarlet-I
I chose mScarlet-I as the target protein.
mScarlet-I is already a bright red fluorescent protein, so I thought that if expression could be maintained for a longer time during the 36-hour cell-free artwork incubation, it could produce a stronger red fluorescence signal.
Hypothesis:
By adjusting ribose and NMPs (AMP, CMP, GMP, UMP), the reaction could maintain energy and nucleotide regeneration for a longer period, which could make mScarlet-I fluorescence stronger after 36 hours.
This is because the ribose and NMP system is important for supporting long-duration transcription and translation.
察象ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãšã㊠mScarlet-I ãéžã¶ã
mScarlet-I ã¯ããšããšæããèµ€è²èå
ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã§ããããã36æéã® cell-free artwork incubation ã§ã¯ãçºçŸãé·ãç¶æã§ããã°åŒ·ãèµ€è²ã·ã°ãã«ãåŸããããšèããã
ä»®èª¬ïŒ riboseãšNMPsïŒAMP, CMP, GMP, UMPïŒã調æŽããŠãšãã«ã®ãŒãšãã¯ã¬ãªããåçãé·ãç¶æããmScarlet-I ã®èå ã36æéã§ãã匷ãã§ãããšãããã®ã§ããã
ribose ãš NMP ç³»ã¯ãé·æéã®è»¢åã»ç¿»èš³ãæ¯ããããã«éèŠã§ããããã§ããã
- The second phase of this lab will be to define the precise reagent concentrations for your cell-free experiment. You will be assigned artwork wells with specific fluorescent proteins and receive an email with instructions this week (by April 24). You can begin composing master mix compositions here. https://rcdonovan.com/cfps
ãã®ã©ãã®ç¬¬2段éã§ã¯ãcell-free experiment ã«äœ¿ã æ£ç¢ºãª reagent concentrationïŒè©Šè¬æ¿åºŠïŒ ãæ±ºããŸãã
ããªãã«ã¯ãç¹å®ã®èå ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãå²ãåœãŠããã artwork well ãæå®ãããŸãã ä»é±äžã4æ24æ¥ãŸã§ã«ãã¡ãŒã«ã§è©³ããæç€ºãå±ããŸãã
以äžã®ãµã€ãã§ãmaster mix composition ã®äœæãå§ããããšãã§ããŸãã
Based on my hypothesis, I used the CFPS Optimization Interface to make a preliminary master mix design.
I started from the 20-hour NMP-Ribose-Glucose master mix and slightly increased ribose and the NMP-related components.
å ã»ã©ã®ä»®èª¬ã«åºã¥ããCFPS Optimization Interface ã䜿ã£ãŠ preliminary master mix design ãäœæããã20-hour NMP-Ribose-Glucose master mix ã baseline ãšããribose ãš NMP ç³»æåãå°ãå¢ãããã

The changes were:
- Ribose: 11.625 g/L â 11.875 g/L
- AMP: 0.625 mM â 0.750 mM
- CMP: 0.375 mM â 0.500 mM
- GMP: 0 mM â 0.125 mM
- UMP: 0.375 mM â 0.500 mM
I kept the adjustment small because this was a preliminary design, not a finalized recipe. ãã The expected effect is that sustained nucleotide regeneration could support longer transcription and translation, allowing more mScarlet-I to be produced and matured over 36 hours.

I explored the HTGAA:1536 CFPS page and understood that the completed pixel artwork is connected to cell-free reaction compositions. Some wells already showed assigned fluorescent proteins, contributors, and saved reagent conditions.
I contributed to the pixel artwork, but I was not listed as an approved CFPS contributor for editing the final reaction compositions. Therefore, I could not directly adjust or save reagent concentrations on the final artwork page.ãð

I also checked an existing finalized mScarlet-I reagent composition on the HTGAA:1536 CFPS page. Its reagent concentrations appeared to be close to the original 20-hour NMP-Ribose-Glucose baseline, before the increases I tested in my preliminary design.
å®éã«å®è¡ããã mScarlet-I ã® reagent composition ã確èªãããšãããribose ã NMP ç³»æåã¯ãèªåãå¢ããåã® baseline ã«è¿ãå€ã ã£ãããã
- The final phase of this lab will be analyzing the fluorescence data we collect to determine whether we can draw any conclusions about favorable reagent compositions for our fluorescent proteins. This will be due a week after the data is returned (date TBD!). The reaction composition for each well will be as follows:
- 6 ÎŒL of Lysate
- 10 ÎŒL of 2X Optimized Master Mix from above
- 2 ÎŒL of assigned fluorescent protein DNA template
- 2 ÎŒL of your custom reagent supplements
Total: 20 ÎŒL reaction
ãã®ã©ãã®æçµæ®µéã§ã¯ãåéãããèå ããŒã¿ãè§£æããŸãã ãã®è§£æã«ãã£ãŠãåèå ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã«ãšã£ãŠæå©ãª reagent compositionãã€ãŸãã©ã®è©Šè¬é åãããã£ãã®ãã«ã€ããŠãäœããã®çµè«ãåºãããã倿ããŸãã
ãã®èª²é¡ã¯ãããŒã¿ãè¿åŽãããŠãã1é±éåŸã«æåºãšãªããŸãã æ¥ä»ã¯ãŸã æªå®ã§ãã
åwellã® reaction composition ã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
LysateïŒ6 ÎŒL äžã§äœæãã 2X Optimized Master MixïŒ10 ÎŒL å²ãåœãŠããã fluorescent protein DNA templateïŒ2 ÎŒL èªåã® custom reagent supplementsïŒ2 ÎŒL
åèšïŒ20 ÎŒL reaction
To test my hypothesis, I would compare whether the condition with increased ribose and NMP-related components produces stronger mScarlet-I fluorescence than the baseline condition.
If the fluorescence becomes stronger, it may suggest that sustained nucleotide regeneration supported longer transcription and translation.
If there is no improvement, it may mean that ribose and NMPs were not the limiting factors, and that other factors such as pH, magnesium concentration, oxygen availability, or maturation were more important.
èªåã®ä»®èª¬ã®ç¢ºèªã®ããã«ãribose ãš NMP ç³»æåãå¢ãããæ¡ä»¶ããbaseline ããã mScarlet-I ã®èå ã匷ãããããèŠãã
ããèå
ã匷ããªã£ãŠããã°ãnucleotide regeneration ã®ç¶æãé·æéã® transcription / translation ãæ¯ããå¯èœæ§ãããã
æ¹åããªããã°ãribose ã NMPs ã¯å¶éèŠå ã§ã¯ãªããpHãmagnesiumãé
žçŽ ãmaturation ãªã©å¥ã®èŠå ãéèŠã ã£ãå¯èœæ§ãããã
Part D: Build-A-Cloud-Lab | (optional) Bonus Assignment
- Use this simulation tool to create an interesting looking cloud lab out of the Ginkgo Reconfigurable Automation Carts. This is just a minimal implementation so far, but I would love to see some fun designs!
Tip!!! Note from Ronan: If you are interested in helping me build out future HTGAA cloud lab software, please fill out this form!
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScxtSh187245nsYRNHaKn93FTUoRMPjEbNwzltEAibt90g0ew/viewform
